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Thursday, September 6, 2007
Observers in the lending industry have estimated that there may be at least 50 million Americans who are not able to qualify for credit. These consumers are usually young, often members of the minority groups and unbanked…and they are faced with the long-standing dilemma of credit: how can I build my credit record if no one will give me any credit at all?
One of the answers offered by credit card companies is a variety of prepaid credit cards, designed for use by specific segments in the market. The prepaid credit cards are meant for that significant portion of the population that cannot meet the qualification criteria for regular credit cards, or who qualified before but have since lost their credit due to repeated defaults and other reasons.
Advantages of Prepaid Credit Cards
For those who do not have enough credit history or have had it blemished, prepaid credit cards are an effective way to build or slowly rebuild credit. That may not happen immediately, but it is something to work on over time. The banks that issue prepaid credit cards are also prepared to extend normal credit the moment you are able to show that you have become a worthy credit risk.
For the moment, you may have to make do with prepaid credit cards. You can use prepaid credit cards as you would any other regular credit card to purchase airline tickets, reserve hotel rooms, or order items online.
Prepaid Credit Card for Students
There is a special prepaid Visa credit card for students, which offers a lot of convenience not only for the students but also for their parents. These reloadable prepaid credit cards offer parents several options on how to reload. Parents can add money to reloadable prepaid credit cards by depositing money, by arranging an automatic transfer of funds from their account (a deposit account or their own credit card account), or by online transfer. Using the prepaid Visa credit card is no different from giving the regular allowance to their child, only they do so by electronic means and there is no more cash that changes hands.
The big advantage of the prepaid Visa credit card is that the student is limited to spend only as much money as there is in the card. The parent is thus able to control to some extent the spending behavior of their child. They can use the prepaid credit card anywhere that the credit card brand is accepted.
Prepaid Credit Cards as Gift Certificates
Some prepaid credit cards function like gift certificates. You buy the prepaid credit card for a certain amount, and your recipient can purchase items with it at any of the brick-and-mortar stores or online merchants, and also for mail order items, that accept the particular credit card brand. Your recipient can use the prepaid credit card only up to the amount of money that you loaded on it. This particular version of prepaid credit cards is non-reloadable.
Like any gift certificate, recipients of prepaid credit cards can buy whatever it is they want at any time they want. Unlike a gift certificate that, when it gets lost is lost forever to the recipient, prepaid credit cards may be replaced if it gets lost or is stolen.
Prepaid Credit Cards for Travel
There is a prepaid credit card designed for travel. These reloadable prepaid credit cards can be purchased in lieu of travelers’ checks or cash. In a way, it combines the best features of a credit card and a traveler’s check because of its convenience and security features. Should you lose the prepaid credit card while you are on travel, you can easily obtain an emergency replacement, both for the prepaid credit card and some cash.
Prepaid credit cards for travel are accepted all over the world, and also allow you to obtain currency from ATM machines. When you need to reload and you are already traveling you can arrange for the reload by phone or online. Apart from the fact that it is a prepaid credit card, you can use it exactly like a regular credit card. That also means you enjoy other benefits just like a regular card — reimbursements for lost luggage of up to $1,000 per cardholder if your luggage is lost; zero liability if your prepaid credit card is used fraudulently after you lose it or have it stolen from you; purchase security up to $500 per claim for any items you buy with prepaid credit cards, which subsequently gets stolen or damaged for certain reasons.
Generally, you can purchase prepaid credit cards of all the major credit card brands at their participating retailers. You don’t have to worry about not having acceptable credit because prepaid credit cards are made available without need of a credit report or a bank account. The only qualifications you need to have are that you have reached 18 years of age and that you must be able to present a valid identification issued by government.
Disadvantages of Prepaid Credit Cards
There are a few things about prepaid credit cards that may not be as convenient as the regular credit cards. For one thing, you load only so much money onto it. You will need to keep track of the balance on the prepaid credit card because not all of the merchant terminals where you use the card may be able to help you determine it. However, there are procedures that tell you how to determine your balance, and you will these detailed on the back of the prepaid credit card and in the instructions accompanying it.
The process of reloading your prepaid credit card may be a little inconvenient to some. If you’re using cash, you would have to visit the participating outlet where you bought your reloadable prepaid credit cards. The more convenient way will be reloading online.
There are also the charges. Prepaid credit cards impose an application fee, the amount of which varies with the issuer, and there is also a service charge that you have to pay monthly. You also have to pay for transaction fees, charges when you transfer funds to top up the balance, when you replace your prepaid credit card, and many other fees. To be sure about the fees, you should read closely the fine print on the prepaid credit card account.
Prospects of Prepaid Credit Cards
Prepaid credit cards do not provide credit; it is your money that you’re using. You are asked to pay other charges, so it is not for free. You are paying for the convenience and security of carrying plastic instead of large amounts of cash. People with bad credit will be able to act as if they had a regular credit card and enjoy the convenience of one.
Issuers of prepaid credit cards realize that it is a good way to monitor the credit behavior of the cardholder. A prepaid credit card would be a source of information that indicates to the credit bureaus and issuing lenders about how you as the individual cardholder use the card to pay your bills such as utilities. If these consumer data could be formatted in such a way as to provide the basis for a statistical model on probable future behavior in spending, then this could become the foundation for building a credit history.
You would benefit, because by using prepaid credit cards you are rebuilding your credit. The prepaid credit card issuers would benefit, too, because they would be making previously unproven customers bankable. More people could then qualify for regular credit, and that would mean tremendous incremental revenue for the lenders.
Credit-Wisdom.com Provides Expert opinions and reviews to help you Compare and Apply for a Credit Card. We also offer Credit Card Articles. Click the following for more features on the UltraVX Visa Card.
The Basic Credit Card Types
It may seem incredible, but credit card issuers clog the mails with over 2.5 billion offers inviting people to apply for a credit card. Even those who would not qualify for a conventional credit card due to serious credit problems are now able to get one; some credit card issuers even specialize in this particular type of market. And according to financial gurus, there are at least a billion credit cards in active circulation throughout the United States alone.
Credit has been an economic cornerstone for some time now. Surveys show that the average American household is estimated to have at least twelve credit cards, including charge cards. While you may tend to think that one credit card is pretty much the same as the next, there are in actual fact distinct characteristics for each different credit card type. It is good to know these difference between the three different types of cards in the market: a bank credit card, a travel credit card, an entertainment credit card (although nowadays the combined travel and entertainment card has become more common) and a retail credit card or house card.
Bank Credit Cards
You have probably noticed that most credit cards bear either the logo of Visa or MasterCard together with the name of the bank. It would appear that the credit card has been issued by either Visa or MasterCard. That is not quite an accurate assumption: these two companies do not issue credit cards directly to the consumers. Most of the credit cards on the market today are offered by thousands of banks around the globe. Each bank is linked to the credit card association, because are not allowed to issue any kind of card unless they are association members.
Visa is a privately held membership association, although it is preparing to go public. It started as an association of banks in California and the West Coast. There are over 20,000 financial institutions in the membership rolls, and virtually all of them offer Visa Card. MasterCard is also a membership association, similar to Visa, and originally consisted of member banks in the East.
A bank credit card is in reality a revolving credit line. When you receive your statement, you can pay all or part of your balance each month, run up the balance again and so on. Being a credit line, the account comes with a pre-determined credit limit that depends on key factors like disposable income, credit history, etc. The credit limit can be as low as a $100 or as high as many thousands of dollars.
It is possible for card holders to get themselves into trouble when they do not properly manage the revolving credit line. When you carry a balance instead of paying it off, the credit card issuer starts charging interest on that balance — in some cases, this interest could be pretty steep. The interest rate varies widely, depending on who issued the card, but you could expect the average credit card interest rate to be at about 18 percent.
For instance, if you carry forward a $1,000 balance for 12 months, you pay $180 in interest per year or $15 every month. If you maintain a $1,000 savings account, you will earn about $40 in interest per year. Those who get into trouble will have to reduce debt, and one of the more common ways to go about this, is to arrange for credit card debt consolidation, which helps lighten the interest burden.
Travel and Entertainment Card
Travel and entertainment cards are similar to bank credit cards in the sense that holders can charge purchases at various stores and locations. However, they are also different from bank credit cards because they are offered directly by the credit card companies, namely, American Express and Diners Club.
This credit card type was once accepted primarily at travel- and entertainment-related businesses such as airlines, hotels, restaurants and car rentals. Nowadays, all other establishments, such as upscale department stores, gas stations and drugstores, accept them. Like any bank card, the typical travel and entertainment card of today offers the menu of features that most credit card holders have come to expect, such as frequent flyer miles, luggage insurance and collision insurance coverage on rented cars.
A further difference between travel and entertainment cards, and bank cards, is that travel entertainment cards do not carry an extended line of credit. This means that you will are required to pay your outstanding balances in full, either within one or two billing periods, in order to for the account to stay current.
Both travel and entertainment credit card providers, such as American Express and Diners Club, also deliver categorized summaries of expenses charged to the credit cards at the end of each year. This certainly is a convenience at tax time.
House Card
Unlike a bank credit card, and a travel and entertainment card, which you can use in many purchase locations, a house card is accepted only at a particular store or stores within the same chain. House cards (also referred to as retail charge cards) are the second largest category of credit cards; major house issuers include department stores, oil and gasoline companies, and telephone companies. Discover Card, once owned by Sears, was probably the biggest house card until it was purchased by a financial institution to become a distinct credit card company.
Merchants are very much in favor of house cards as these cards are valuable in helping them to both develop customer loyalty and enhance sales; you may appreciate the shopping convenience they give you. Just like bank credit cards, house cards give you a line of credit, with a limit that varies depending on your creditworthiness. For this reason, you may choose not to pay your credit card bill in full each month. Note, however, that the majority of house cards charge fixed interest rates of between 18 and 22 percent annually; thus a house card is more expensive in terms of interest cost than a bank credit card.
All types of credit cards involve costs when you use them. After knowing the different credit card types, you may choose the credit card that best fits your personality and needs. If you have a number of credit cards on your wallet, you may also consider discarding some.
If you are the type who does not carry a monthly balance, you can have a credit card with no annual fee but make sure that there is a grace period on purchases. However, if you do carry a balance, it is wise to do away with a credit card that has the worst of the following:
· High interest rates
· Unfavorable interest calculations. A credit card may calculate interest charges based on average daily balance, not on the balance due.
· No grace period. Some credit cards might charge interest from the date of purchase until payment date, even if you pay off your balance.
· Nuisance fees. Try to do away with credit cards that have late-payment fees, over-limit fees, fees for not carrying a balance or only a balance below a certain level, or a percentage fee on your credit limit.
The modern bank credit card was first introduced in the 1960s by the Bank of America; the travel and entertainment credit cards were both introduced in the 1950s. Much may changed since then in terms of features and benefits, but the basic characteristics of each type of credit card have remained the same.
Credit-Wisdom.com Provides Expert opinions and reviews to help you Compare and Apply for a Credit Card. We also offer Credit Card Articles. Click the following for more features on the UltraVX Visa Card.
You and Your FICO Score
Your ability to qualify for any kind of financing - from credit cards to auto loans to mortgages, depends greatly on credit scoring. Most creditors will draw your credit report to look at your FICO score.
The FICO score will be used to evaluate your qualification for a particular credit line or loan program and to calculate the applicable interest rate. Depending on their specific institutional needs, some lenders may use the highest FICO score or the middle score, or only one FICO credit score if the credit transaction is for a consumer purchase.
For instance, if you were to apply for a house credit card at a department store, they would run your credit profile (with your permission, of course) to obtain a FICO score. On the assumption that the store reports to only one of the three credit bureaus – as most department stores tend to do -, then the inquiry will go only to that bureau. The store would make its decision based on only one bureau’s information, and by using only the one FICO score.
The system works differently for mortgage credit. Banks report to all three credit bureaus (Experian, Equifax and Trans Union), so they would get three different FICO scores, calculated on three credit reports that the credit bureaus sent for scoring by FICO. Since there are three FICO scores, banks generally will use the middle or average FICO score. Depending on the type of financing you are seeking, whether it is for a new car, appliances, a credit card, or a home mortgage, your FICO score makes up a significant portion of the decision-making process. The FICO score will determine the premium rates you pay for insurance and the interest rate available to you on a loan.
Your FICO score is usually a composite of the following:
35% of your FICO score is payment history, and the key items include frequency, severity, and most recent occurrences of non-payment — which means that all late or missed payments will hurt your FICO credit score, but missed payments of more recent dates will have bigger effect;
30% of the FICO score is credit utilization, and estimates the balance of credit accounts in relation to the maximum credit available, with revolving credit lines (usually, credit card accounts) being the most significant;
15% of FICO scores cover credit history, the number of years credit has been established (the longer, the better; and one trade credit line for 5 years will affect the FICO credit score better than 2 trade lines for 6 months);
10% of the FICO score involves type of credit, which will monitor the mix of revolving credit inquiries, but will not include inquiries with no finance rating (as an inquiry from your employer, for instance).
As mentioned earlier, there are three FICO scores developed by the Fair Isaac Company – one each from the three major credit bureaus. Experian has the Experian/Fair Isaac Risk Model; Equifax has Beacon; and, Trans Union has Empirica. Consumers are likely to have a different rating with each agency, because although they all use the FICO model, each credit reporting bureau has its own set of reporting companies and there may be variations in the credit information that they send for calculation of FICO score.
There are other types of FICO scores:
• Application Risk Score – In this set-up, the lender uses a scoring system that includes a FICO score but also considers information extracted directly from your credit application.
• Customer Risk Score – Also called “behavior scores”; here, a lender may use the scores to make credit decisions on its current customers; this score uses the FICO score and also information on your payment history with that lender.
The range on your FICO score is from 300 to above 850 and would suggest a credit profile as follows:
FICO score 720 and above: This is a very good FICO score, and it suggests that the risk of default on your credit is very low. If the lender should find any exceptions in your credit report, these will easily be waived and set aside; and if there are any weaknesses in underwriting your credit, your high FICO credit score favorably compensates for that weakness.
FICO score 660 to 719: This is also a good FICO score, and suggests that your risk of default is low. This FICO credit score indicates that your credit history is acceptable.
FICO score 620 to 659: This FICO credit score represents a degree of risk. You can qualify for 100% financing, but certain conditions may be included in the credit agreement. The credit underwriter will more than likely consider you, but will investigate further to check whether you are: recently self-employed; have high loan to value ratios; have low cash reserves; exceeding normal debt to income ratios; staying in multiple dwelling unit properties.
FICO Scores below 630: Anything below 630 is a really bad FICO score. Your risk of default is very high, and you will need to present strong compensating factors to minimize credit risk before the underwriter would consider approving a loan. Some lenders may be willing to arrange 100% financing.
FICO score between 619 to 585: The underwriter can consider approving a loan but that depends on the credit issues, and may also consider an applicant with no previous delinquency and lack sufficient credit. Lenders are more likely to see mortgage delinquencies if they loan money to a consumer with a FICO score below 620.
FICO score between 584 to 500: You will have to explain your credit history in writing, and will need to pay off some of your debts and other payables; the underwriter may still consider you acceptable but the high risk factors should not be layered.
FICO score below 500: There may some serious issues outside your control that caused the setbacks. There are individuals who do not care so much about what happens to their credit. Perhaps this is what we should call Bad Credit. This does not mean the world has ended, though, and there is still hope.
The moment your credit report changes, your FICO scores will change as well. Your FICO credit score does not change from one month to the next at random, unless there has been a late recorded payment or an adverse report. While a late payment, collection or bankruptcy can be very damaging and will immediately lower your FICO scores, it takes time before you can raise your FICO scores. It is good to get in the habit of checking your credit profile every 3 to 6 months.
Your credit report must contain at least one trade line over a six-month period in order for a FICO score to be generated, and must have one trade line that has been updated in the last six months also. This will insure that there is enough information — and enough recent information — to calculate a FICO score.
Your FICO credit score is meant to be a measure of your creditworthiness as a borrower. In the mortgage industry, mortgage products change constantly, so if you manage your credit well you will almost certainly qualify for an advantageous home refinancing- or home purchase program. In the case of revolving credit lines, your account is reviewed periodically, and if you manage it well, you will likely be given more perks and privileges.
Credit-Wisdom.com Provides Expert opinions and reviews to help you Compare and Apply for a Credit Card. We also offer Credit Card Articles. Click the following for more features on the UltraVX Visa Card.
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